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Home / Topics / Sperm

Sperm

The term sperm is derived from the Greek word ”sperma” (meaning “seed”) and refers to the male reproductive cells. The human sperm cell is the reproductive cell in males and will only survive in warm environments, once leaving the body the sperm’s survival is reduced and may cause the cell to die. Sperm cells come in two types; “male” and “female”. Sperm cells that give rise to female (XX) offspring after fertilization differ in that they carry an X chromosome, while sperm cells that give rise to male (XY) offspring carry a Y chromosome.

On a dry surface, such as clothing or bedding, sperm are dead by the time the semen has dried. In water, such as a warm bath or hot tub, sperm will likely live longer because they thrive in warm, wet environments. Inside a woman’s body, sperm can live for up to five days depending on the conditions. If you have unprotected sex even a few days before your partner ovulates, there is a chance of achieving a pregnancy. It takes just one sperm to fertilize an egg and achieve a pregnancy, but for each sperm that reaches and fertilizes an egg, there are millions that don’t. The average ejaculation contains close to 100 million sperm.

The semen must travel from the vagina to the fallopian tubes, an arduous journey that few sperm survive. For those that complete the trip, penetration of the egg is far from a sure thing. The egg is covered by a thick layer that makes fertilization difficult. Experts believe this process may be nature’s way of allowing only the healthiest sperm to fertilize the egg, thereby providing the best chances to produce a healthy baby.

Sperm concentration. Also called sperm density, this is the number of sperm in millions per milliliter (mL) of semen. Twenty million or more sperm per mL is considered normal. Sperm motility. This is the percentage of sperm in a sample that are moving as well as an assessment of their movement. One hour after ejaculation, at least 50% of sperm should be moving forward in a straight line. Unlike women, whose fertility ends at menopause, men can continue to be fertile throughout life. Although sperm production decreases with age, men continue to produce sperm, and even elderly men have fathered children.


  • Male fertility: Eat tree nuts every day to improve your sperm quality

    Male fertility: Eat tree nuts every day to improve your sperm quality

    A new study has found that tree nuts can change the DNA of sperm in just 14 weeks.

  • Sperm don’t swim, but they rotate like a spinning top: New study

    Sperm don’t swim, but they rotate like a spinning top: New study

    We've been wrong about how sperm swim for the last 350 years, according to a new published in the journal Science Advances.

  • Want to increase your sperm count? Fish, fruits and veggies can be your saviours

    Want to increase your sperm count? Fish, fruits and veggies can be your saviours

    Ditch your burgers and pizzas and switch to fish, fruits and green vegetables if you want to improve your sperm health.

  • Forget antioxidant supplements, try these tips to improve your sperm quality

    Forget antioxidant supplements, try these tips to improve your sperm quality

    Infertility is a growing problem worldwide, affecting upto 15 percent of couples. And it is believed that about one in every three cases is due to fertility problems in men.

  • 5 lifestyle factors that can bring down sperm count and affect fertility in men

    5 lifestyle factors that can bring down sperm count and affect fertility in men

    Low sperm count, also called oligospermia, means your semen contains fewer sperm than normal. Several factors,including lifestyle choices, can cause low sperm count.

  • Eating diet high in sugar may affect your sperm quality

    Eating diet high in sugar may affect your sperm quality

    Sperm quality can be harmed by several environmental and lifestyle factors. Obesity and related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are well-known risk factors for poor sperm quality.

  • Sperm and semen are two different things: Know all about it

    Sperm and semen are two different things: Know all about it

    Many people confuse the terms sperm and semen and think that it means the same thing. Here we tell you the differences between the two.

  • Secret handshake' detected between sperm and uterus

    Secret handshake' detected between sperm and uterus

    According to a study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, uterine cells express a receptor that recognizes a glycan molecule on the surface of sperm cells.

  • Human sperm retains viability in outer space conditions

    Human sperm retains viability in outer space conditions

    A new study presented at an annual meeting of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, has revealed that there is 100 per cent concordance in DNA fragmentation rate and vitality, and 90 per cent concordance in sperm concentration and motility in space

  • Decoding the link between sperm DNA damage and miscarriages

    Decoding the link between sperm DNA damage and miscarriages

    According to a new study, recurrent pregnancy loss may be owing to sperm DNA damage in one's male partner. Read on to know more about this.

  • 6 lifestyle changes to increase your sperm count

    6 lifestyle changes to increase your sperm count

    Being overweight or underweight isn t good for sperm count

  • These lifestyle habits are affecting your sperm count

    These lifestyle habits are affecting your sperm count

  • Obesity can lower testosterone in men: Study

    Obesity can lower testosterone in men: Study

    A study conducted at University at Buffalo, has revealed that obesity is associated with another low testosterone levels in men.

  • Smoking marijuana can increase your sperm count, reveals study

    Smoking marijuana can increase your sperm count, reveals study

    According to a study published in the Human Reproduction journal, Men who have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives had significantly higher sperm count as compared to men who have never smoked weed.

  • 7 herbs that can bring down sperm count

    7 herbs that can bring down sperm count

  • 5 ways to battle low sperm count

    5 ways to battle low sperm count

    Reduced levels of sperm is one of the major reasons behind male infertility, globally. However, with the advancement of medical science you can find the answer to this problem in new medications, hormone replacement therapy and assisted reproductive technology. Lifestyle modifications can also be helpful.

  • Cannabis exposure can alter sperm, find study

    Cannabis exposure can alter sperm, find study

    Marijuana intake in men planning fatherhood could impact their sperm as well as the children they conceive, finds a study.

  • Infertility duration may affect sperm count, finds research

    Infertility duration may affect sperm count, finds research

    The researchers at the University Vita-Salute San Raffaele stated that despite regular sexual intercourse, approximately 15 per cent of couples to fail to achieve a wanted pregnancy within a 12-month period.

  • Certain dietary, nutritional supplements may improve sperm quality

    Certain dietary, nutritional supplements may improve sperm quality

    According to a new research, certain nutrients and dietary supplements can benefit sperm quality and male fertility.

  • Sperm count 50% lower in men whose fathers smoke, finds study

    Sperm count 50% lower in men whose fathers smoke, finds study

    While studies have repeatedly linked maternal smoking during pregnancy with reduced sperm count in male children, a new research showed that men whose fathers smoked at the time of pregnancy also had 50 per cent lower count of sperms than those with non-smoking fathers.

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