The heart is a muscular organ located behind the breastbone, slightly to the left. ┬аIt is about the size of a fist. It is divided into four chambers:
upper two blood receiving chambers are called left and right atria
lower two blood discharging chambers are called left and right ventricles
Function
The heart receives blood from various parts of the body through veins and pumps blood to the whole body through arteries. Blood flow through the heart is unidirectional: atria ├а ventricles ├а pulmonary artery and aorta. Two valves (AV valves) connect the atria to the ventricles. They prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to the atria. Oxygen-deficient blood enters the right atrium and passes to the right ventricle. The heart then pumps it into the lungs where it receives oxygen. Oxygenated-rich blood then returns to the left atrium and passes to the left ventricle. The heart pumps out this oxygen-rich blood to the whole body. Blood to the heart is supplied by coronary arteries.
Contraction and relaxation of heart muscles is initiated and coordinated by the electrical conduction system of the heart.At rest, the heart contracts in the ranges from 60-100 beats per minute.
There are more than 60 different forms of heart disease. The most common ones are:
тАв Coronary artery disease - affects or damages arteries that supply blood to the heart
тАв Angina pectoris - pain, tightness and discomfort in the chest region when the heart does not receive enough blood due to narrowed coronary arteries
тАв Cardiomyopathy - weakened heart muscle due to thickening and/or stiffening
тАв Congenital heart disease - defect present in the heart at the time of birth
тАв Congestive heart failure - heart is unable to pump blood throughout the body effectively
тАв Arrhythmia - irregular heartbeat due to improper conduction of electric impulses in the heart
тАв Myocardial infarction (heart attack): death of part of the heart muscle due to blocked blood supply
тАв Myocarditis and pericarditis: inflammation of heart tissue due to infection
тАв Heart valve disease - narrowing of heart valve or prevention of full closure of valve
Tests
Diseases of the heart are diagnosed with listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, blood tests, X-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, stress test, catheterization, ultrasound, etc.
Treatments
Lifestyle changes, diet and medication form a major part of treatment of heart disease. Other options are angioplasty, stenting, ablation, percutaneous coronary intervention, defibrillation, pacemaker and surgical interventions like bypass surgery, open heart surgery, heart transplant, etc.
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Obesity induced health problems: Are you overweight? Before you start lifestyle chnages to control your body weight, take a note of the below tests and get them done on priority to avoid any health complications later.
Heart Failure vs Heart Attack: Know the key differences, early symptoms, causes and treatment options to avoid confusion and ensure timely medical care in emergencies.
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Calcified coronary blockages are increasing due to lifestyle and health factors. Advanced angioplasty technologies now help break hard plaques, making treatment safer and more effective.
Heart attack or stroke risk during sleep is not universal. However, individuals with high blood pressure, sleep apnea, diabetes, high cholesterol, or chronic stress may face increased risk.
An occasional spike can happen during exercise, emotional stressor or after consuming caffeine a persistent high resting heart rate may also indicate an underlying health concern.
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