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Blood-brain Barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) separates the blood from the extracellular fluid of brain. It is a highly selective permeability barrier. It allows the passage of water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and fat soluble molecules. It protects the brain by preventing the entry of many common bacteria and potential neurotoxins (chemicals that affect signal transmission between nerves). But the selective permeability also hampers the delivery of many diagnostic agents and medications to the brain. Inflammation, certain infections, brain injury, high blood pressure, radiation, etc. can break down the barrier.

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