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Written by Prerna Mittra | Updated : May 7, 2024 5:48 PM IST
World Asthma Day (WAD) (May 7) is organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), a World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative organization founded in 1993. It is held each year in May to raise awareness about asthma globally. In celebration of World Asthma Day 2024, GINA selected the theme of 'Asthma Education Empowers'.
According to the WHO, asthma is a 'major noncommunicable disease' that affects both children and adults. It is the 'most common chronic disease among kids'. Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs cause asthma symptoms, it states, adding that it can be 'any combination of cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and chest tightness'.
It is crucial for asthma patients to stay away from dirt and pollution that can exacerbate their condition. Air pollution can significantly impact those living with asthma, even though asthma itself is not caused solely by pollution. It can, however, be a major trigger for flare-ups and worsening of existing symptoms, warns Dr Shahid Patel, consultant pulmonologist, Medicover Hospitals, Navi Mumbai.
Dr Patel states that tiny particles and gases from traffic exhaust, factories, and wildfires infiltrate the lungs. "These pollutants irritate the airways, causing inflammation and making them hypersensitive. This hypersensitivity leads to the hallmark symptoms of asthma: wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness," he explains.
According to the doctor, air pollution is more than just a trigger for asthma. It can also contribute to its development, especially in children. Exposure during crucial lung development stages, for instance, can increase the risk of asthma later in life.
For those who have asthma and allergies, air pollution can be doubly dangerous. Pollutants heighten airway sensitivity, says the doctor, making them 'more susceptible' to allergens like pollen or dust mites. But, the good news is that there are steps you can take to manage existing asthma.
It is important to monitor air quality reports and stay informed about forecasts in your area. Minimise outdoor activity during peak pollution. Wear a mask while stepping out, and do not forget to take your prescribed inhalers regularly. Most importantly, discuss your concerns about air pollution and asthma triggers with your doctor, as they can adjust your medication plan if needed, Dr Patel concludes.
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