Written by Tavishi Dogra | Updated : November 17, 2024 4:54 PM IST
Breast cancer staging involves specific investigations, such as CT or PET scans and some tests on biopsy specimens, to determine the extent of the cancer and how far it has spread. It is typically classified using the TNM system, which stands for Tumor, Nodes, and Metastasis.
Stage 0 breast cancer refers to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive condition where cancer cells are found. Although it's not considered invasive cancer, it is essential to treat, as it can increase future risk. Treatment options often include surgery, such as lumpectomy or mastectomy, and sometimes radiation therapy. Regular screenings and monitoring are essential for managing stage 0 breast cancer effectively.
Stage 1 breast cancer is typically characterized by the presence of a tumour that is 2 centimetres or smaller and has not spread beyond the breast to nearby lymph nodes. In this stage, the cancer is still considered early and has a high likelihood of being effectively treated.
Stage 2 breast cancer is a larger tumour size or the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes. In this stage, the tumour may measure more than 2 centimetres but is still confined to the breast and has not spread to distant sites.
Breast cancer in stage 3 is more advanced and indicates nearby tissues or structures. This stage is divided into three subcategories: stages 3A, 3B, and 3C, distinguished by factors such as tumour size, the number of affected lymph nodes, and whether cancer has invaded the skin or chest wall.
Breast cancer in stage 4 is spread to distant parts of the body. This could include vital organs such as the liver, lungs, bones, or brain. At this stage, the cancer is often not curable but is treatable, focusing on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
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