While a conclusive answer to why women have a longer lifespan as compared to men still eludes scientists a host of factors - from differences in hormones to immune system variations - could be at work suggests new research. In a perspective piece published in the journal Cell Metabolism researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham explored what gives women the survival advantage. 'Humans are the only species in which one sex is known to have a ubiquitous survival advantage' the authors wrote in their research review covering a multitude of species. 'Indeed the sex difference in longevity may