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Written By: Editorial Team | Published : December 21, 2014 3:06 PM IST
The Infant mortality rate to be achieved by India, by the end of 2015 is 39 per 1000 live births, which is unlikely for India, going by its current rate of decline said a senior UNICEF officer.
What is the current status of India?
The current Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of India, as per the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2013, is 40 per 1,000 live births while the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) as per SRS 2012 is 52 per 1,000 live births.
At this current rate of decline it seems it will be difficult for India to reach the target of less than 39 per 1,000 live births by the end of 2015, UNICEF's Health Specialist in India, Dr Gagan Gupta told PTI.
The Under-5 Mortality Rate in India is the highest in the world but it is declining faster as compared to the world decline. Considering the Child Mortality report 2014, developed by the UN, Gupta said, Globally the U5MR reduced by 49 per cent from 90 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 46 per 1,000 live births in 2013, while India achieved a reduction of 59 per cent in the Under-5 mortality from 126 in 1990 to 52 in 2012, which is higher than the global decline . He also noted that neo-natal deaths account for 56 per cent of Under-5 deaths in India which is much higher than the global average of 44 per cent. While, the progress in reduction of neo-natal mortality has been slow. (Read: Maternal Mortality rate down 178 from 600)
Most affected states:
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan account for half of the Under-5 deaths in India. Assam with 75 per 1,000 live births tops the chart among states having Under-5 mortality above the national average of 52, followed by Madhya Pradesh (73), Odisha (68), UP (68), Rajasthan (59), Bihar (57) and Chhattisgarh (55). As per SRS report, Andhra Pradesh has shown 17 per cent decline in the Under-5 mortality between 2009 and 2012 and Rajasthan has shown 20 per cent decline during the same period. (Read: Infant mortality rate lowest in Jharkhand)
The above report concludes that, in India every year, 1.34 million children die before completing five years, of which 7,48,000 die within the first month of their life and more than 2,000 newborn die each day in India.
Causes of neo-natal deaths:
Three common causes of neo-natal deaths are prematurity, birth asphyxia and sepsis. In the post newborn period, two major killers are pneumonia and diarrhoea and under-nutrition is an underlying factor in nearly 45 per cent of such deaths, the UNICEF health official said.
Gender differences:
Talking about the gender differences in child mortality due to preference for sons in India, Dr Gupta said the UNICEF has been working towards improving access to the care of girl child supporting national efforts. The infant mortality rate of male in India is 39 per 1,000 while that of female is 42 per 1,000 live births.
Measures taken to overcome the gender differences:
At present, UNICEF is supporting national efforts for improving access to the care for girl child through the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) scheme which has made free health care an entitlement for pregnant women and infant, he said. The UNICEF, Dr Gupta said, has also played a key role in evidence generation through Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) which showed that despite free care there are more male admissions in SNCUs as compared to females.
SNCUs are effective to address problems of low-birth, pre-term deliveries simulating the environment of the womb. A baby is provided warmth, protected from infection and carefully fed to ensure for proper development of its body parts which have stopped growing on account of premature delivery.
What should be the next step to achieve the desired goal?
According to Dr Gupta's suggestions, India, in order to achieve a reduction in the Under-5 deaths, should focus on reducing neonatal deaths, which account for 56 per cent of total such deaths, by integrating quality maternal care with newborn care.
In addition, addressing forgotten killers like pneumonia and diarrhoea will be critical besides improving immunisation coverage to address mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases. As under-nutrition is an underlying factor in 45 per cent of Under-5 deaths addressing adolescent and maternal nutrition will also be critical, he added.
With inputs from PTI
Image source: Getty Images
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