Multiple sclerosis: myths and facts about this autoimmune disease from an expert

Social media and forwards further perpetuate myths not just about MS but other health conditions as well.

By: Editorial Team | | Published: May 30, 2018 1:51 pm

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease caused by demyelination or disruption of the myelin that insulates and protects nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain. Rarely seen in children below 14, it can affect anyone from the age of 15 to 60, with women at two to three times the risk of being affected than men.Symptoms of MS vary dependingupon which nerves are demyelinated and may include, visual changes; numbness; tingling or mild to severe weakness, paralysis, vertigo or dizziness; erectile dysfunction; pregnancy problems; incontinence; muscle spasticity; slurred speech; and fatigue, among others. Younger patients may also experience seizures and/or changes in their mental status. Also Read - World Multiple Sclerosis Day 2020: Know a few warning signs of this disease

This condition is divided into four types: Also Read - 5 weight loss myths that can prevent you from slimming down during quarantine

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS),
Secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS, the most common)
Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)
Progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS)

Due to lack of a standardized procedure, patient’s history, physical exam, tests such as MRI, lumbar puncture, and evoked potential testing (speed of nerve impulses) are used to diagnose the disease. Treatment options include administering IV steroids, interferon injections, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, and othersbased on the symptoms. Also Read - Bubble Boy Disease: This rare but fatal immune disorder has a cure in gene therapy now

There is no prevention yet for MS, while research is on for developing new medications, immune system modifications, and other ways to identify potential causes. MS-affected people have a normal life expectancy. However, in the absence of the right treatment, it can progress to mobility dysfunction and even complications such as pneumonia.Globally, about 2.3 million people are affected by this condition, while there are about 2 lakh MS patients in India.

Clearing the myths

Due to lack of awareness and misinformation, there are several myths surrounding the disease. Here is a lowdown on some such myths.

People with MS may die soon

This is not so. Those with MS have a normal life expectancy and live just as long or nearly as long as others. The disease, however, has no cure though the onset of symptoms can be slowed or reduced through treatment.In fact, most MS patients appear normal and their symptoms may not be evident to others.

This disease progresses along a predictable path

No two cases of MS are alike. From mild numbness in the limbs occasionally to severe paralysis or loss of vision, the condition can manifest itself anyway, and with any intensity.

It affects only the old

MS is not associated with aging andmost patients are diagnosed with the condition between the ages of 20 and 50. Even teens may be prone to it.

The incidence of MS is increasing

There is no research to support this theory. However, diagnostic techniques are definitely improving each day.

Women with MS cannot conceive

This is false as pregnancy may, in fact,help women suffering from this condition. They may get into remission during their third trimester of pregnancy.

MS affected women cannot breastfeed

Some medications prescribed for treating this condition may also be contraindicated for breastfeeding. Rather than blindly believing that you cannot breastfeed, it is better to consult a specialist.

MS is genetic

Genes may have a role to play, and vulnerability increases by a factor of 10 if a family member too suffers from this autoimmune disease. However, there are other factors as well, including the environmentand infectious agents, which can act as triggers.

MS patients should avoid exercising

According to a research, aerobic exercise was found to be beneficial for many symptoms of MS including bladder and bowel function, fatigue, and depression. Although there may be a risk of overheating, which could trigger symptoms,staying hydrated and balancing activities with rest can counter this.

MS is curable

There is no cure for this condition yet. What is possible is long-term remission though evidence of progression will still be visible in MRI scans of the brain. Stem cell transplants and other cutting-edge technologies may help treat MS with more permanent effect.

In conclusion

Social media and forwards further perpetuate myths not just about MS but other health conditions as well. Some may raise false hopes, while a few others may plunge one into depression. Most would be unfounded. Therefore, it is better to get advice from a specialist or healthcare provider and follow the same to manage the condition better.

By Dr Ramananda Srikantiah Nadig, Head of the Clinical Advisory Board, healthi

Published : May 30, 2018 1:51 pm

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