Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute study found that teenagers are much more likely to smoke and be dependent on nicotine if a parent is dependent on nicotine especially daughters if their mother is dependent on nicotine. The authors found that 13 percent of adolescents whose parent never smoked said they had ever smoked at least one cigarette. By comparison 38 percent of teens whose parent was dependent on nicotine had smoked at least one cigarette. Among teenagers who had smoked at least one cigarette 5 percent were dependent if their parent never smoked but