Key molecule causing colon cancer identified

In a finding that could help physicians provide early and more specialized treatment for colon cancer, researchers led by an Indian-American at the University of Minnesota in the US have identified a

By: Editorial Team | | Published: October 2, 2014 6:31 pm

In a finding that could help physicians provide early and more specialized treatment for colon cancer, researchers led by an Indian-American at the University of Minnesota in the US have identified a molecule called microRNA that may cause colon polyps to turn cancerous. Also Read - Ganesh Chaturthi 2020: 4 reasons an eco-friendly Ganesha is good for you

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‘With the advanced screenings we now have available, why are so many people still being diagnosed with colon cancer? We really wanted to understand if there was a way to stop the disease before it starts, before benign polyps became cancerous tumours,’ said Subbaya Subramanian, assistant professor at the University of Minnesota’ medical school. Also Read - 7 reasons why the #BeefBan is good

By looking at microRNAs, Subramanian and his colleagues hoped to unlock the mystery behind the phenomenon. The team found that miR-182 and miR-503 act together to transform a benign polyp into a cancerous tumour by holding down the cell’s ability to create the tumour suppressing protein FBXW7.

When both the microRNAs (miR-182 and miR-503) were present at higher levels, the decreased rate of the patient’s survival was clearly noticed. ‘It suggests a biomarker for colon cancer patients, something ideally physicians can one day screen for as a diagnostic and prognostic tool,’ explained Subramanian. The next step will be determining if drugs are able to target miR-182 and -503, as well was what miR-182 and -503 do after suppressing FBXW7, noted Subramanian. The team now hopes to develop a test to be utilized in a clinical setting.

The findings were published in The Journal of Pathology.

What is colon cancer?

Colon is a four feet long muscular tube that extends from the end of the bowel to the anus. It is a part of large intestine and is divided into three components. Growth of cancerous tissue in the colon gives rise to colon cancer but sometimes it can spread towards the rectum to develop colorectal cancer. Though there is no defined cause for its onset, experts suggest that in several cases the cause is genetic in nature (inheritance of mutated gene). Certain risk factors like inflammation in the intestine, high fat diet, older age, diabetes, smoking and obesity increase its risk. Symptoms include diarrhoea, constipation with a feeling of heaviness in the rectum, discharge of blood from the rectum, abdominal pain, cramps and severe weight loss.

What are the treatment options for colorectal cancer

Surgery: Cancerous tumours in the colon can be safely removed with surgery. The type of surgery to be performed depends on the size and the location of the tumour. Partial colectomy is a surgical procedure in which a part of the colon or the rectum containing the tumour is taken out along with a surrounding healthy tissue which is reconnected later. Sometimes, a colostomy is performed in which the healthy end of the large intestine is removed.
Chemotherapy: It is usually initiated after the colon tumour is surgically removed in order to prevent recurring tumours. A combination of anticancer drugs may be administered orally or directly into the bloodstream. Read more about Colorectal cancer symptoms, causes and treatment

With inputs from IANS

Photo source: Getty images

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Published : October 2, 2014 6:31 pm

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