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Anti-AIDS drugs have helped save 19 million years of human life since 1996, said an analysis Tuesday which also slashed UN estimates for HIV deaths and disease by a quarter. 'The HIV epidemic is smaller than estimated by UNAIDS', wrote the team which had reviewed data contained in the Global Burdenof Disease Study 2013
'The overall amount of ill-health and premature death resulting from HIV (is) roughly 25 percent lower than the latest estimate provided by UNAIDS in 2012,' added a statement carried by The Lancet medical journal, which published the results of the probe. The analysis by a team of international researchers tracked the rate of new infections, deaths and numbers of people living with HIV, tuberculosis and malaria in 188 countries over the period 1990 to 2013. (Read: 12 diseases that affect people with HIV/AIDS)
They found the world`s malaria burden, while shrinking, was probably larger than World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates, while new tuberculosis infections continued their decline. The UN seeks to halt the spread of the three diseases by 2015 under its Millennium Development Goals, designed to improve the lot of the world`s poor. 'Slow but important progress' had been made, the study found.
There were 1.8 million new HIV infections in 2013, compared to the highest-ever 2.8 million recorded in 1997, and 1.3 million HIV deaths compared to 1.7 million at the epidemic`s mortality peak in 2005.'Cumulatively, 19.1 million years of life have been saved since 1996' -- 13.4 million in developing countries, said the authors. These are calculated as the total number of years that people lived instead of dying from HIV/AIDS thanks to prevention measures and virus-suppressing drugs. (Read: Rapid HIV tests to detect ailment in 15-20 minutes!)
The cost was calculated at $4,498 (3,327 euros) per year of life added, 'which we think is a bargain,' study co-author William Heisel of the University of Washington`s Institue for Health Metrics and Evaluation, told AFP. Donors spent $7.7 billion (5.7 billion euros) on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in 2011. With ever-better access to drugs, the number of people living with HIV rose steadily to about 29 million in 2012, said the review.
The global rate of new HIV infections among children was down 62.4 percent from its highest level in 2002. The team`s HIV mortality estimates were 27 percent lower than those of UNAIDS for 2005 and 14.5 percent for 2012, they wrote. Prevalence estimates were 17.1 percent lower than the agency`s in 2005 and 18.7 percent lower in 2012. 'We gathered more data than had ever been analysed before and we took a different approach than UNAIDS has in previous reports,' Heisel explained by email. The discrepancies also illustrated the dearth of data in many countries. The review found new malaria cases and deaths declined steadily from 2004 as funding for treatment rose to $11.3 billion (8.4 billion euros) between 2000 and 2011.
There were 165 million new malaria cases and 855,000 deaths in 2013, down from a peak of 232 million new cases in 2003 and 1.2 million deaths in 2004. The new number was higher than the 627,000 deaths estimated by the WHO in 2013, said the authors. The number of tuberculosis deaths fell from 1.6 million in 2000 to 1.4 million in 2013. There were 7.5 million new TB infections in 2013 and 12 million people living with the disease.The authors said the interventions were clearly working, but had to be scaled up. The findings are to be presented Tuesday at the 20th International AIDS conference taking place in Melbourne. (Read: New, more aggressive strains of HIV now)
Here are some HIV/AIDS symptoms
Recurring fever: Fever is body's first response to any infection or invasion of foreign bodies. If one is infected with HIV, it is possible to experience flu-like symptoms sometime during the initial four weeks, after being infected with the virus. This is called acute retroviral syndrome or ARS or primary HIV infection. This is the body's natural response to HIV. Fever due to an HIV infection can be the first sign of ARS and can be a mild one rising up to 102 degree F. Usually fever would be accompanied by fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and nausea tendencies. While the fever persists, the virus moves deep into the bloodstream and starts to replicate, disrupting the functioning of the immune system leading to an inflammatory reaction.
Skin rashes: Unexplained skin rashes which happen devoid of any allergic reaction or drug overdose should put you on alert. These rashes can occur either early or later when the infection has taken a toll on your health. They can appear as red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids. If the skin rash continues to persist despite medication, consider undergoing an HIV test.
Swollen lymph nodes: Remember lymph nodes are part of your immune system and can be the ones to be affected first in response to the inflammatory reaction of the immune system. Fever and swollen lymph nodes can also be indicative of any other health crisis. But prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck should make you worried. Read more about 12 HIV/AIDS symptoms that you need to watch out for
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With inputs from AFP
Image source: Getty images
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