Use of e-cigarettes by high school students is strongly associated with cigarette smoking later results of a large study show. E-cigarettes may help to re-normalise smoking said one of the researchers David Hammond of the University of Waterloo in Ontario. The study published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) included 44163 students from two Canadian provinces. The researchers looked at e-cigarette use at the start of the study in phase-1 (2013-14) and at follow-up (2014-15 with 87 schools). They classified students into six categories -- current daily smokers current occasional smokers former smokers experimental smokers puffers and those who had