Coming soon -- a new non-insulin drug for diabetes and obesity

Two researchers at Indiana University, including an Indian-American, are leading the way towards developing a new potential non-insulin drug for diabetes and obesity, which needs to be taken only once a week. Dr. Arnab De, who has a PhD from Columbia University, and Prof. Richard DiMarchi of Indiana University have worked on developing a pro-drug or an inactive substance that is converted to a drug within the body, to stabilise a sugar reducing peptide hormone called GLP1.

Indiana University Research and Technology Corporation (IURTC) have applied for international patents for these pro-drugs and they are currently being licensed to leading biotech/pharmaceutical companies for optimisation, De told IANS on phone from New York. But it may take five years or so before the new drug hits the market after optimisation and clinical trials, said De who was one of the winners of 2009 Young Investigators' Poster Competition by the American Peptide Society.

Talking about his research, De said: 'Patients often have to take an insulin injection after every meal. An overdose of insulin may drastically reduce blood glucose leading to life-threatening diabetic coma.' 'Hence we wanted to develop a non-insulin drug, which would hopefully act for a prolonged period of time so that patients do not need to take it every day,' he said.

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De said they looked at a peptide hormone called GLP1, which reduces blood sugar and obesity without the accompanying risk of coma. 'However, it could not be used as it is very unstable and breaks down within minutes inside the body.'

De and DiMarchi then 'envisioned a pro-drug of GLP to extend the duration of action of this peptide hormone' and succeeded in 'prolonging peptide hormone action to once-a-day and once-a-week formulations,' according to their paper published in Peptide Science.

Pointing out the significance of these findings, Dr. Jean Mrtinez, a past-President of European Peptide Society wrote in an email: 'Once pharmacologically optimised, the different pro-drugs of GLP1 which vary in their duration of action, might give patients the opportunity to choose according to their specific needs.'

'The pro-drugs are water soluble and stable in the powder form for long term storage. They are initially biologically inactive, but slowly switch to the active drug at body temperature and pH, driven by the inherent structure built into these pro-drugs.'

'This should eliminate chances of variable drug action in between patients,' he added. According to The International Diabetes Federation, obese individuals are far more prone to heart attacks and adult-onset diabetes. But as Subho Mozumdar, a faculty at the Delhi University points out 'One problem commonly associated with insulin treatment is that patients gain weight, and weight gain paradoxically causes diabetes.' 'Hence an effective GLP-1 based therapeutic could be revolutionary, as it also reduces obesity,' he wrote in an-email.

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a life long disease that is characterised by increased levels of sugar in the blood. It is either caused due to lack of insulin (a protein that regulates blood glucose levels) or due to lack of response to insulinproduced by the body. Diabetes caused by lack of insulin is called type 1 diabetes. It develops due to fault in the genes that make insulin and is seen in young adults and teenagers. Diabetes caused by failure of response to insulin is called type 2 diabetes. It is more common type of diabetes and is found in adults. It is caused mainly due to lifestyle factors. Some of the common symptoms of diabetes are hunger, frequent urination and increased thirst. Factors like unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are main contributing factors of type 2 diabetes. In fact, type 2 diabetes is one of the most common 'lifestyle diseases' which is plaguing people in the developed countries. Diabetes is also known to cause complications like heart diseasesand hypertension. In this section you will find answers to all your queries regarding diabetes. For example, why is it difficult to manage diabetes, how often you should use a glucometer to monitor blood glucose level, can you take honey if you are diabetic and much more. You can find a lot of helpful suggestions to prevent diabetes, reduce your risk of diabetes, natural remedies to control diabetes, healthy food choices for diabetics, etc.

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