Written By: Nirmalya Dutta | Updated : October 8, 2014 10:20 AM IST
Scientists have developed the first ever-vaccine for gut bacteria common in autistic children to help control some of the symptoms of the disease. Researchers from the University of Guelph in Canada have developed a carbohydrate-based vaccine against the gut bug Clostridium bolteae. C bolteae is known to play a role in gastrointestinal disorders, and it often shows up in higher numbers in the GI tracts of autistic children than in those of healthy kids. More than 90 per cent of children with autism spectrum disorders suffer from chronic, severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Of those, about 75 per cent suffer from diarrhea, according to research.
'Little is known about the factors that predispose autistic children to C bolteae,' said researcher Mario Monteiro. Although most infections are handled by some antibiotics, he said, a vaccine would improve current treatment. 'This is the first vaccine designed to control constipation and diarrhoea caused by C bolteae and perhaps control autism-related symptoms associated with this microbe,' he said.
Some researchers believe toxins and/or metabolites produced by gut bacteria, including C bolteae, may be associated with symptoms and severity of autism, especially regressive autism. Brittany Pequegnat and Monteiro used bacteria grown by Mike Toh, a Guelph student in the lab of microbiology professor Emma Allen-Vercoe. The new anti-C bolteae vaccine targets the specific complex polysaccharides, or carbohydrates, on the surface of the bug.
The vaccine effectively raised C bolteae-specific antibodies in rabbits. Doctors could also use the vaccine-induced antibodies to quickly detect the bug in a clinical setting, said Monteiro. The vaccine might take more than 10 years to work through preclinical and human trials, and it may take even longer before a drug is ready for market, Monteiro said. 'But this is a significant first step in the design of am multivalent vaccine against several autism-related gut bacteria,' he said.
What is autism?
Autism is a developmental disorder which is usually detected early in life. It is an incurable complex neurobiological condition that impacts communication, behaviour and social relationships and affects 1% people. It has become the fastest growing global disorder. In this condition, cognition skills are hampered because of altered nerve cells although it is not understood exactly why this happens. Autistic kids have trouble with basic everyday tasks and have hampered social development.
