Another Pandemic? Deadly Sloth Virus Hits UK For The First Time: All About Oropouche Fever Symptoms And Vaccines
Another Pandemic? Deadly Sloth Virus Hits UK For The First Time: All About Oropouche Fever Symptoms And Vaccines
The UK has reported its first cases of the deadly 'sloth virus' Oropouche fever. Learn about its symptoms, transmission, risks, and why health experts are issuing urgent warnings.
Written By: Muskan Gupta | Published : August 18, 2025 4:44 PM IST
Deadly Virus Hits UK: A fatal malaria-like "sloth virus" has been found in Britain for the first time, prompting the UK's health agency to advise people experiencing symptoms to seek immediate medical attention. According to data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), three cases of the Oropouche virus were reported in Britain between January and June of this year. All three cases were people who had returned to the UK after visiting Brazil during a period of widespread viral illness.
The watchdog indicates that the tropical disease can exist primarily in South America, giving fevers, headaches, and eye pain, and in a rare instance, giving meningitis and death. The UK Health and Safety Authority stated, "If a person becomes unwell with symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, joint pain and muscle aches following travel to affected areas, they should seek urgent medical advice."
What is Oropouche virus?
Oropouche virus, also known as the "sloth virus" or the "sloth fever", is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). Its discovery occurred in 1955 in Trinidad and Tobago and has triggered outbreaks in many South and Central American territories, especially the Amazon.
Despite its nickname "sloth virus" or "sloth fever", humans do not get directly infected by sloths. The viruses exist naturally in sloths, non-human primates, birds, and other wildlife they act as reservoirs and they are transferred to humans by insect bites.
Oropouche Virus Symptoms
Oropouche fever is the name of the caused illness by the Oropouche virus and has the characteristics of other tropical fevers like dengue. Common symptoms that develop 4-8 days following a bite comprise:
Acute high fever
Severe headache
Pain in muscles and joints
Fatigue, chills
Nausea or vomiting
Skin rashes
Dizziness
The illness takes approximately 56 days to 7 days in most people. However, there are chances that the symptoms may reoccur. Rarely, it may cause neurological complications such as meningitis or encephalitis.
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How Does the Oropouche Virus Transmit?
These are mainly spread by the bite of the Culicoides paraensis midge, a small insect that is prevalent in most of the Americas.
In others, the mosquitoes Culex and Aedes species may play a role.
It is not known that these vectors are established in the UK or indeed Europe, and local transmission would be exceptionally unlikely.
Possible human-to-human transmission may occur through sexual contact, emerging evidence, and worries of mother-to-baby (vertical) transmission during pregnancy.
Oropouche Virus: Diagnosis and Treatment
What exists now is:
There is no particular antiviral therapy
There is no vaccine that has been approved yet
Treatment is basically symptomatic: patients should be advised to take rest, stay well hydrated and take fever/pain relievers (e.g., paracetamol).The symptoms are typical of dengue, chikungunya or Zika; however, they need laboratory testing to achieve a proper diagnosis.
How to Prevent Oropouche Virus?
Because it has no cure, the important initiative is in prevention:
An insect repellent and protective clothes should be used in endemic regions.
Put mosquito nets and screens around the house.
Breeding sites of biting midges and mosquitoes need to be controlled.
During the outbreaks, avoid going to forested areas or swampy areas.
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FAQs
What are the symptoms of Oropouche fever?
Common symptoms include high fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and sometimes rash.
What is the ‘sloth virus’ found in the UK?
It refers to Oropouche fever, a mosquito-borne viral illness first detected in tropical regions.
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