Why the elderly are likelier to suffer from malnutrition

Geriatric malnutrition is prevalent worldwide. But what are the reasons behind it? Read to know more...

Malnutrition is a general problem among the elderly. Experts say aged adults, who suffer from malnutrition, are more vulnerable to numerous health-related problems. Reduced appetite and unintentional weight loss in the elderly are two most noticeable signs of malnutrition. There are various reasons that may lead to malnutrition. Some of these are as follows:

1. Dulling of the senses

Ageing affects most of the sensory functions; be it vision, taste or smell. Poor vision makes it harder for older people to household chores including cooking, cutting vegetables, etc. In addition, age-related impairment in the senses of taste and smell results in decreased appetite for food, which in turn has an impact on the total amount of nutrients consumed.

2. Poor oral health

The elderly often suffer from oral health issues like teeth loss or gum problems which make it difficult for them to bite and chew solid foods. This compels people to stick to a restricted diet which in turn leads to malnutrition.

3. Dietary restrictions

With old age come various issues heart ailments, diabetes, gut malfunctioning or kidney problems which forces people to follow a strict diet which limits their choices greatly. Following such a restricted diet for a long duration can lead to nutrient deficiencies.

4. Joint-related issues

With age come joint problems like arthritis which makes movement a big problem. This makes it harder for people to move around, go out to buy foods, etc. which in turn end up in malnutrition.

5. Deadly diseases

Maybe we were just not meant to live for so long and with old age comes diseases like cancer, Parkinson's, dementia, etc. which ravage the body and mind. This in turn impairs hunger and appetite and leads to malnutrition.

6. Psychological factors

Depression, loneliness and other mental health issues plague the elderly, which eats into their happiness. This also has a negative effect on their health, reducing their willingness to eat the required amount of nutrients.

7. Financial crisis

In this day and age, it's extremely hard to make ends meet, even more so if you're living on a pension. Most old people have trouble spending enough for basic necessities which often results in them not being able to buy all the foods required for a nutritious and healthy diet.

8. Intake of various medications

As we grow older, we tend to suffer from more health issues which mean more medicines. These medicines often interfere with our digestive process and sense of taste which prevents people from eating properly.

Image source: Getty images

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References

• Hickson M. Malnutrition and ageing. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Jan;82(963):2-8.
• 2. Morley JE. Assessment of malnutrition in older persons: a focus on the Mini Nutritional Assessment. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011 Feb; 15(2):87-90.