Written By: Prerna Mittra | Published : January 21, 2025 2:15 PM IST
Medically Verified By: Dr Upasana Garg, regional technical chief at Apollo Diagnostics, Mumbai
Routine thyroid function tests including TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T3, and T4 levels are effective when it comes to detecting thyroid problems. (Photo: Freepik)
Thyroid issues during pregnancy: There are many potential health problems that pregnant women face; among them is thyroid issue that needs particular attention. While not many people know this, thyroid problems are rapidly surging in pregnant women. Thyroid during pregnancy is a major health concern, as it can affect the well-being of both the mother and the child. First, let us understand what the thyroid gland does. It produces hormones responsible for regulating metabolism, energy, and body functions. The most common thyroid problems in pregnant women are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). While hypothyroidism makes one prone to fatigue, weight gain, and cold sensitivity, hyperthyroidism leads to weight loss and rapid heart rate. Doctors warn that untreated thyroid problems during pregnancy can lead to complications of miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in the baby. It is, therefore, the need of the hour for a pregnant woman to get timely diagnosis to improve her own health, as well as the health of her baby. Read on to find out more.
According to Dr Upasana Garg, regional technical chief at Apollo Diagnostics, Mumbai, family history, age, genetics, autoimmune conditions such as lupus or type 1 diabetes can increase the risk, and iodine deficiency can cause thyroid problems during pregnancy.
The doctor said that routine thyroid function tests including TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T3, and T4 levels are effective when it comes to detecting thyroid problems. "These blood tests detect abnormalities. FT3 and FT4 levels are also advised to know the levels of actual 'effective' (non-bound/free) thyroid hormones in circulation. Many times, just getting a TSH test done can help to know the thyroid function. Low TSH levels may mean one has hyperthyroidism, while high TSH levels suggest hypothyroidism," the doctor explained, adding that in pregnancy, TSH levels fluctuate because of hormonal changes. "These tests will help spot thyroid abnormalities and help with appropriate treatment such as medication, dietary modifications, or monitoring for successful management."
According to the doctor, besides routine thyroid testing, one must also opt for iodine-rich foods like fish, dairy, and fortified salt, and take medication as prescribed by the doctor. "Practise yoga or meditation to reduce stress, which can aggravate thyroid issues. Pregnant women should go for regular check-ups and follow-ups to be able to manage thyroid problems."
