All newborns should be screened for complex congenital cyanotic heart diseases, a non-invasive test that takes only a few minutes. (Photo: Freepik)
Congenital diseases are a significant concern in infants, posing challenges to babies as well as their parents. As per the National Library of Medicine, USA,Congenital Anomalies incidence ranges from 0.84% to 2.9% in India and ranks as the fourth leading cause (8.6%) of neonatal mortality and the sixth leading cause of under-five mortality. However, with rapid medical advancements in diagnostic techniques, catheter interventions, and several surgical innovations, the overall quality of care and treatment for infants has drastically improved. The improvement in survival in children with congenital heart disease and other congenital disabilities over the last three decades in the developed world is starting to cascade into the developing world. This is evident in improving indices such as infant mortality rate and under-5yr mortality.
Factors Contributing To The Growing Challenge Of Congenital Diseases:
As healthcare systems evolve and screening programs become more widespread, more cases of congenital diseases are being identified and reported.
Genetic advances have led to a better understanding of the role of inherited genes in the development of congenital diseases.
Advances in diagnostic modalities and improvements in intensive care management of children have improved survival rates.
Management of premature babies with heart disease with interventions like balloon angioplasty and device closure have improved their survival.
Improving Survival Rates: A Brimming Hope
Following advancements in medical care have played a crucial role in enhancing the survival rates:
Prenatal diagnosis: Prenatal screenings and diagnostic tools have become more sophisticated and affordable, allowing healthcare providers to identify congenital diseases earlier in gestation. Early detection provides early interventions and family counselling opportunities, empowering parents to make informed decisions about their child's healthcare and well-being.
Pharmacological Advances: There has been a significant advancement in the medical management of conditions, leading to better survival. Newer medicines for heart failure and preventing complications with fewer side effects of drugs have contributed to better survival.
Neonatal Care: Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care Units have promoted the survival of many infants born with severe congenital conditions. NICUs help to treat congenital disabilities with higher efficiency and better outcomes.
Surgical Interventions: Several surgical innovations, such as treating aortic coarctation, repair of atrioventricular septal defects, and Mustard and Senning atrial corrections, have improved survival rates.
Newer Devices: Advancements in newer medical devices, including those for children, have led to better child management.
According to the market reports, countries with a high socio-demographic Index (SDI) had the most notable reduction of period risks from 1990 to 2019.
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