Written By: Satata Karmakar | Published : March 26, 2025 5:00 PM IST
Medically Verified By: Dr Harshit Shah, Associate Surgical Oncologist, Fortis Hospital Kalyan.
Can Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Childhood Leukaemia? Doctors Take
Breastfeeding has been recognised as the best form of newborn nourishment, with multiple advantages for both mother and child. It provides essential nutrients to newborns, supports immune system development, and fosters a bond between the mother and her infant. A recent study suggests another form of the potential long-term benefit of breastfeeding is in the form of protection from childhood Leukaemia, the Cancer of the white blood cells and is the most common type of Cancer in children and adolescents, accounting for between 30 to 50 per cent of all childhood cancers. It primarily affects the bone marrow and blood, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
Breast milk is a complex mixture of macronutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrates. It also contains bioactive compounds, such as Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs), which have been shown to have anti-cancer potential. The transmission of antibodies, white blood cells, and anti-inflammatory qualities of breast milk can provide newborns with a strong immune system and help the baby develop healthy gut flora. When breastmilk enters the baby's body it develops a balanced immune system that helps your child's body recognize and fight illness more effectively. In addition to its potential role in reducing Leukaemia, breastfeeding also reduces the likelihood of Obesity, and chronic diseases later in life, and supports cognitive development. It also lowers the chances of developing allergies and Asthma.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Paediatrics states that breastfeeding even for a short period of time may lower a child's risk of childhood Leukaemia by 19 per cent. It highlights that exclusive breastfeeding (without any foods or liquids) for at least seven to nine months reduces the risk. While the study doesn't explain the connection between the two and doesn't prove that breastfeeding prevents Cancer, it shows that breastmilk strengthens the immune system which may contribute to lowering the risk of Leukaemia. Similarly, another study by Texas-based Baylor College of Medicine states that children exclusively breastfed longer than six months had a 30 per cent lower risk of developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).
Dr. Harshit Shah, Associate Surgical Oncologist at Fortis Hospital Kalyan, explains, "Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in building a child's immunity. While there is no definitive proof that it completely prevents childhood Leukaemia, research strongly indicates that the immune-boosting properties of breast milk contribute to reducing cancer risk. Encouraging breastfeeding is a vital step towards strengthening a child's long-term health."
While breastfeeding helps reduce the risk of childhood Leukaemia, certain factors can increase the likelihood of the disease. These factors include maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, abortion history, genetic factors, parents' use of hair dye, and the history of using birth control pills before pregnancy. However, breastfeeding remains a vital component of infant health and disease prevention. It is an effective way to enhance a child's health and overall, well-being. Many new parents might face issues due to a lack of paid maternal leave from work, poor nutrition in mothers, a lack of social support, or due to experiencing pain during breastfeeding can impact milk production. With proper guidance and support, most parents who choose to breastfeed can successfully manage any challenges they encounter.
Encouraging and supporting breastfeeding is a proactive step towards a healthier future for children. There are many support groups like the Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI), Rainbow, CAPPA and others who are actively working towards making breastfeeding easier for mothers. However, in extreme cases, formula can be used as a substitute for breast milk, and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
